مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال بیست و نهم شماره 9 (پیاپی 181، آذر 1400)

With the development of interventional cardiology in the world, in addition to coronary and aortic diseases, the treatment of heart valve diseases through catheters has recently begun. The treatment of aortic stenosis (which was only possible with open surgery and valve replacement) was first performed in the world in 2002 by Alain Cribier in France with catheter insertion of the valve and was called Trans catheter Aortic valve implantation TAVI. Trans catheter Aortic valve implantation (TAVI) was performed in Iran in 2009 in the Heart Centre of Tehran and now is routinely performed by both Balloon Expanding and self-expanding valves. In addition, we do valve in valve implantation for degenarative biopresthetic valve, in all Heart valve positions too. The short and medium term results of this treatment were reviewed in the form of research projects and published in several articles. In this review, we have explained the initiating of this new procedure in our country with the following results.

Physiological and psychological changes during pregnancy are the cause of many psychological disorders including depression. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between vitamin D levels and common complications of pregnancy with the incidence of postpartum depression in mothers.

The present study is a prospective cohort that was performed in two stages on 300 pregnant women who were in the third trimester of pregnancy. The sample selection method was done in several steps using demographic characteristics questionnaire, Sherborne and Stewart social support questionnaire and Edinburgh depression questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16 and descriptive statistics, independent t-test, paired t-test, one-way ANOVA and Chi-square. A p value of less than 0.5 was considered significant.

The results of the study showed that gestational complications such as urinary tract infection (P = 0.139), diabetes (P = 0.587) and gestational hypertension (P = 0.080) were not significantly associated with postpartum depression. There is also no significant relationship between vitamin D levels during pregnancy in people with postpartum depression and non-patients. (P> 0/05). Also, low level of social support was associated with a 3.2-fold increase in the risk of postpartum depression (P = 0.001)

Postpartum depression is associated with devastating consequences for both mother and fetus. Therefore, pregnant women, especially those with risk factors and a history of postpartum depression, should be supported by various sources and at the head of the family.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic diseases that is associated with many complications. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease caused by a lack of insulin production due to high blood glucose levels. It is the third most severe and chronic childhood illness, affecting approximately 15 million children worldwide. Given the importance of controlling type 1 diabetes, especially in children, in this study we aimed to examine the status of diabetes control in children 3 to 18 with type 1 diabetes.

This study was a retrospective analytical cross-sectional study. The study population included 121 children aged 3-18 years with type 1 diabetes referred to Yazd Diabetes Center in 2018 to 2019. The information, including age, sex, BMI, patient maturity stage, duration of diabetes, mean A1C, daily insulin dose, number of blood glucose measurements per day and number of DKA attacks were extracted. The collected data were entered into SPSS version 16, using statistical tests were analyzed.

The results showed that the mean age of participants was 12.92± 3.96 years and the mean of A1c in patients was 8.63 ± 1.94. The results of our study on diabetes control status in the studied patients showed that 38.8% of patients had partial diabetes control status, 32.2% had good diabetes control status and 28.9% had poor diabetes control status. In addition, according to the results of the study, there was no statistically significant difference was found  among the frequency distribution of diabetes control status in terms of variables of puberty stage (p = 0.228), BMI (p = 0.508), age (p = 0.275), daily dose of bisal / bolus insulin (p = 0.479), dose Daily NPH / regular insulin (p = 0.386), number of blood glucose checks (p = 0.090), number of hospitalizations due to DKA (p = 0.539), duration of diabetes (p = 0.093) and gender (p = 0.263). .

According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that none of the studied variables affect the control status of diabetes in children aged 3-18 years with type 1 diabetes.

Amyloid plaques in the brain increase with age. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of continuous and interval training on Amyloid β 42 (Aβ42) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in hippocampus of elderly rats.

The present study was experimental one with two experimental groups and one control group. Thirty old male Wistar rats (18 weeks-old) divided into 3 groups, including interval training, continuous training, and control. Continuous training was performed for 8 weeks with 65 to 70% VO2max and interval training was performed for 8 weeks with 5-8 repetitions of 2 minutes of working with 80-100% VO2max and 2 minutes active rest with 50% of VO2max for 8 weeks. Hippocampal samples were extracted 48 hours after the last training session to measure protein levels of Aβ42 and MDA. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test was used for data analysis.

Hippocampus Aβ42 levels in continuous training groups were significantly lower than the control group (P=0.001). In addition, Aβ42 levels in hippocampus of interval training groups were significantly lower than the control group (P=0.001). However, no significant differences were found in Aβ42 levels between continuous and interval training groups (p=0.502). MDA levels in continuous training groups were significantly lower than the control group (P=0.016). In addition, MDA levels in interval training groups were significantly lower than the control group (P=0.046) But no significant differences were found in hippocampal MDA protein levels between continuous and interval training groups (p=866).

Continuous and interval training through decreasing oxidative stress, decrease Aβ42 levels in the hippocampus of the elderly rat, thus probably continuous and interval training can prevent neurodegenerative disease caused by aging through modulating oxidative stress and Aβ42.

Prostate cancer is the fifth most common cancer in the world and the second leading cause of cancer death among men. The ELAC2 gene (HPC2 locus) on chromosome 17p11 has been identified as hereditary tumor suppressor genes in prostate cancer. Some evidence showed that ELAC2 Ser217Leu and Ala541Thr polymorphisms were associated with prostate cancer risk. The aim of this study was to investigate the ELAC2 Ser217Leu and Ala541Thr polymorphisms in the patients with prostate cancer.

In this study, blood samples were collected from 64 persons of a family, which suspected to of having prostate cancer. The genomic DNA was extracted using Commercialthe commercial DNA extraction kit. ELAC2 Ser217Leu and Ala541Thr target regions were PCR amplified with specific primers. PCR products were then sequenced to determine mutations. The final analysis was performed using Rest 2009 software. AlsoFurthermore, SPSS software version 16 and Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test were used to evaluate the normality of the data and T test was used to evaluate the expression of ELAC2 gene and its relationship with T and N factors.

The results of gene sequencing for Ser217Leu mutation showed that 18.75% were mutant homozygote (Leu/Leu), 40.62% were heterozygote (Leu/Ser) and 40.62% were normal homozygote (Ser/Ser). In addition, for Ala541Thr, the Ala/Thr heterozygosity and Ala/Ala normal homozygosity were determined in 18.75% and 81.25%, respectively. There was not observed any mutant homozygosity (Thr/Thr) in these samples.

The results of this study showed that Ser217Leu and Ala541Thr polymorphisms were associated with prostate cancer and might be used as susceptibility markers of prostate cancer. In addition, PCR and gene sequencing are very useful for screening the mutations of prostate cancer in clinical trials and diagnosis.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the retina diseases in which retinal pigment epithelium cells are degraded and lead to blindness. Available treatments only slow down the progression of it. In this study, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) differentiated into retinal pigment epithelium cells were cultured on a polycaprolactone scaffold.

The optimization of the diameter of the produced scaffolds by electrospinning method was done using the fuzzy method for the first time. To improve cell adhesion and proliferation, related parameters to alkaline hydrolysis method were optimized and hydrophobic surface of scaffold was modified. After in vitro analysis, cells were cultured on different groups of scaffolds. In vivo analyses were done and cells culture on scaffolds observed.

The optimal parameters for the scaffold based on the fuzzy model were 18.1 kV for voltage, 0.07 g / ml for solution concentration and 115 nm for scaffold diameter, respectively. The immersion time of the scaffold in alkaline solution and concentration of solution were measured 97 min and 3.7 M, respectively. The treated scaffold had a higher degradation rate and water adsorption. MTT-Assay results showed that scaffolds with modified surfaces had a higher amount of cell viability and proliferation after 7 days. SEM image results confirmed this finding after almost two months. Additionally, the results of ICC test showed that after passing this time, cells kept their RPE and epithelium.

Based on the results, the hydrolyzed scaffold is a suitable substrate for cell proliferation and can be a good option for AMD treatment.

Considering the importance of oral health as a part of general health and the role of physicians in community health, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between common oral diseases and general body health from the perspective of medical students in Yazd City in 2018.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 210 internship and pre-internship students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd Cityin 2018 were selected randomly and their knowledge about common oral and dental diseases and its relationship with general body health was assessed through a valid and reliabile questionnaire consisted of 10 questions. Data were entered into SPSS version 16 statistical software and analyzed using descriptive statistics and T-test.

In the present study, 191 internship and pre-internship students completed the research questionnaire, of which 101 were female (52.8 %) and 90 were male (47.1%). The mean age of the students was 24.07 ±1.92. Their mean grade point average at the time of the study was 15/95±1/28. The mean score of their knowledge of oral diseases was 9.79 ± 3.27 with a range of 1 to 19. There was no statistically significant relationship between the mean score of knowledge in terms of age, sex, semester and grade point average (p˃0/05).

The results showed that the mean score of knowledge of the internship and pre-internship students about common oral diseases and its relationship with general health is low. Therefore, it seems necessary to improve the level of knowledge of medical students in this regard by adding the mentioned topics to the educational curriculum of medical students.

Quality of life is one of the new concepts of health, which encompasses different aspects of life such as oral health. The oral health related quality of life is affected by different factors that assessed in different groups. Due to increasing population growth and the existence of special physical, psychological and social conditions, elderly are one of the important groups. So, the present study aimed to assess the oral health related quality of life among elderly people who lived in nursing centers in Karaj, in 2020.

In this cross-sectional analytic study, oral health related quality of life among elderly people above 60 years in Karaj were evaluated using a questionnaire including demographic information, oral health behaviors and Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). Data were analyzed using T-test, one-way ANOVA and linear regression test by SPSS-22 software.

A total of 149 people were participated, which 62.4% (93) were female and 37.6% (56) were male. The mean GOHAI in participants of this study was 46.05±6.52 (from 12-60 point). The regression test showed the relationship between the score of different dimensions of GOHAI with age, gender, income, and subjective assessment of oral health, last dental examinations and the number of teeth (P<0.05).

In this study, the oral health related quality of life among the elderly people who lived in nursing homes in Karaj in 2020 was evaluated moderate and good.